FORMATION IA
Bases de données vectorielles 101 : fondamentaux pour ingénieurs IA
Construisez des systèmes de recherche vectorielle prêts pour la production en maîtrisant l'indexation, la recherche hybride et les compromis entre bases de données.
Ce qu'elle couvre
Cette formation technique pratique couvre les concepts fondamentaux des bases de données vectorielles : stockage d'embeddings, recherche approximative du plus proche voisin et algorithmes d'indexation comme HNSW et IVF. Les participants comparent les principales solutions — Pinecone, Qdrant, Weaviate et pgvector — à travers des exercices de codage en direct et des tâches de benchmark. Le cours aborde les architectures de recherche hybride, les compromis coût/latence, ainsi que les enjeux opérationnels tels que la mise à l'échelle, le filtrage et la gestion des métadonnées. À l'issue de la formation, les ingénieurs sont capables de sélectionner, déployer et interroger une base de données vectorielle adaptée à leur charge de travail en production.
À l'issue, vous saurez
- Configure and query at least two vector databases (e.g. Qdrant and pgvector) against a real dataset using Python client libraries
- Implement a hybrid search pipeline combining dense vector similarity with keyword filters and rank the results by relevance
- Evaluate and justify the choice of vector database for a given workload based on latency, cost, and scalability benchmarks
- Integrate a vector store into a retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) pipeline with chunking, upsert, and top-k retrieval
- Apply metadata filtering and namespace strategies to support multi-tenant or multi-collection production deployments
Sujets abordés
- Vector embeddings: generation, dimensionality, and semantic meaning
- ANN indexing algorithms: HNSW, IVF, PQ, and ScaNN
- Platform comparison: Pinecone, Qdrant, Weaviate, and pgvector
- Hybrid search: combining dense vectors with BM25/keyword filters
- Metadata filtering, namespaces, and multi-tenancy patterns
- Cost modelling: managed vs self-hosted, storage vs query tradeoffs
- Latency benchmarking and performance tuning
- Integrating vector DBs into RAG and semantic search pipelines
Modalité
Delivered over two to three days, either in-person or fully remote via a shared cloud environment (participants receive pre-configured Jupyter notebooks and vector DB sandboxes). Approximately 60% of time is hands-on lab work; 40% is instructor-led concept explanation and live demonstration. A capstone exercise requires participants to build and benchmark a semantic search endpoint from scratch. Materials include a reference architecture cheat sheet, provider comparison matrix, and cost estimation spreadsheet.
Ce qui fait que ça marche
- Running benchmarks on actual production-representative data during training, not toy datasets
- Establishing a cost and latency SLA before selecting a provider, using the comparison matrix from day one
- Pairing training with an immediate internal proof-of-concept that uses the organisation's own embeddings
- Including a platform-agnostic abstraction layer in the architecture so the vector DB can be swapped without rewriting application code
Erreurs fréquentes
- Choosing a managed cloud vector DB for every use case without evaluating self-hosted alternatives that may be 5-10x cheaper at scale
- Ignoring metadata filtering design upfront, leading to full-scan fallbacks that destroy latency at production volumes
- Treating chunk size as a trivial detail, resulting in poor retrieval recall that is later misattributed to the LLM
- Skipping benchmark tests on representative data and query distributions before committing to an indexing algorithm
Quand NE PAS suivre cette formation
This training is not the right fit for a team that has not yet decided to use LLMs or semantic search in production — if the use case is still hypothetical, a broader AI foundations workshop should come first to validate the problem before investing in infrastructure-level skills.
Fournisseurs à considérer
Sources
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