One operating model for product, IT, data and AI

McKinsey, BCG and Gartner now describe the same target architecture from three angles. We turned it into a working system: four layers, three containers, three lenses, one source of truth.

Three angles, the same operating model

Three independent publications, a few months apart.

McKinsey2025
Five pillars, one system.

Business model, operating model, governance, talent and culture, technology and data. Read as one system, not five compartments.

BCG2026
10-20-70.

10% on the algorithm, 20% on data and technology, 70% on people and processes. The work sits outside the model.

Gartner2025 to 2026
PPM is now SPM.

Project & Portfolio Management was retired as a category. Strategic Portfolio Management replaced it, with a different first question.

Four layers

The architecture reads top down. A bet hosts opportunities. Each opportunity carries initiatives. Each initiative resolves through experiments.

  1. 01
    Bet

    A business result with a number, a date, and the signal that will show it was wrong. What we believe strongly enough to commit capacity to.

  2. 02
    Opportunity

    A customer need, a problem or a business lever that contributes to the bet. From Teresa Torres’ Opportunity Solution Tree.

  3. 03
    Initiative

    The solution explored to address one or more opportunities. What product and engineering teams carry day to day.

  4. 04
    Experiment

    A concrete test of one hypothesis. It can succeed, fail, or stay inconclusive. The one level where invalidation is explicitly accepted.

Three containers

Bets live at product level. Not at portfolio level, too broad. Not at initiative level, too narrow. One simple rule settles most disagreements.

Workspace

The whole organisation.

Portfolio

A coherent grouping by business unit, market or mission.

Product

A team, a scope. This is where bets live.

One source of truth, three readings

Same data, no re-entry, no reconciliation. Each role asks its own question and the system answers it directly.

Product Manager

« What are we learning this week? »

  • The opportunity tree, live
  • Experiments by hypothesis and by result
  • What gets invalidated each week, not just the status

The watchtower

Four layers read in one place. Every technical signal climbs back up to the bet it serves, so the committee can read it.

  1. 01
    Lifecycle

    Where each use case sits across the six phases. How many are stuck, and for how long.

  2. 02
    Compliance

    Which use cases are high-risk under the AI Act. Conformity assessment and human oversight, documented.

  3. 03
    Technical quality

    Input data quality, model drift, performance decay, operational alerts.

  4. 04
    Value

    What each use case actually captures, against the bet it serves, run cost included.

A portfolio operating system

One source of truth on bets, opportunities, initiatives and experiments, read through the PM, portfolio and data lenses, with a watchtower that ties value back to bets. That is what Fygurs is.